ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUC)

Background. Secreting different adipocytokines, adipose tissue plays an important role in health and disease. Upon omega-3 consumption, changes in the secretion of adipose tissue and its effects on glycemic profile are a controversial subject at the present time. Objectives. We evaluated the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) alone and in combination with vitamin E on adiponectin and serum glycemic indices in type II Diabetes patients. Design. This double-blind clinical trial divided all patients randomly into four balanced permuted blocks of EPA, Vitamin E, EPA and vitamin E and placebo (Corn oil). Subjects and Methods. 127 patients with type II diabetes living in Kashan in 2008, 35-50 years old, and 25≤BMI ≤30 were enrolled. ELISA, Glucose Oxidase, spectrophotometry, and Radioimmunoassay methods were used for measurement of serum adiponectin, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), HbA1C, and Insulin, respectively. Results. Serum adiponectin increased significantly after EPA consumption in EPA and EPA+E groups. Moreover, FBG, HbA1c, serum insulin and Homeostasis Model HOMA-IR decreased significantly after EPA consumption in the two previously mentioned groups. Conclusions. This study showed that EPA supplementation affects the secretion of adipose tissue, improves the FBS as well as HbA1c values and significantly decreases fasting serum insulin and insulin resistance.

Background. Hyperglycaemia during acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) has been associated with poorer outcomes yet attempts to normalise glucose have not demonstrated clinical benefit. One proposed explanation is that the participants are not routinely stratified by the pre-stroke glycaemic status (diabetic hyperglycaemia [DHG], non-diabetic hyperglycaemia [NDHG]), which may contribute to heterogeneity in metabolic responses and dilute treatment effects. We compared early endocrine and inflammatory responses (insulin, C-peptide, cortisol, and cytokines) between DHG and NDHG and examined exploratory associations with stroke severity and 90-day functional outcomes. Methods. In this prospective multicentre cohort, 80 patients with AIS and hyperglycaemia (DHG or NDHG) were enrolled within 72 hours of admission. Biomarkers were measured on admission. Group comparisons were performed by diabetes status and stroke severity. Exploratory associations with 90-day functional outcome were assessed with LASSO regression. Results. Compared with DHG, NDHG was associated with higher insulin (142 vs 75 pmol/L;p<0.05), C-peptide (1.15 vs 0.87 nmol/L;p<0.05), IL-8 (23 vs 13 pg/ mL;p<0.01), and IL-6 (8 vs 3 pg/mL;p=0.094). Cortisol was numerically higher in DHG than NDHG (352 vs 271 nmol/ L;p=0.32). Within NDHG, endocrine and inflammatory measures varied by stroke severity, while remaining generally higher than DHG. Conclusion. Diabetes status was associated with differences in early endocrine and inflammatory profiles during AIS-associated hyperglycaemia. Given the observational design, single-time-point sampling, and modest sample size, these findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating. Future adequately powered studies with standardised sampling and detailed diabetes phenotyping are needed to determine whether diabetesstratified approaches to hyperglycaemia management and prognostic modelling improve clinical utility.