ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUC)

Context. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a critical role in host metabolism, both directly and through specific G protein-coupled receptors, and may provide a link between glucose and lipid metabolism. This study aimed to compare fecal SCFA concentrations and to evaluate associations between SCFAs and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), prediabetes, obesity, and health. Subjects and Methods. The study included 60 volunteers in four groups: T2DM (n= 15), prediabetes (n= 15), obesity (n= 15), and healthy individuals (n= 15). We analyzed fecal SCFA and GLP-1 concentrations by HPLCUV and ELISA method, respectively. Results. In comparison to healthy individuals, obese, prediabetic and T2DM exhibited notably elevated total SCFA levels respectively (p=0.019, p=0.017, p=0.024). Acetic acid concentration showed an increase in both obese and prediabetic groups compared to the healthy group (p=0.02, p=0.017). Butyric acid concentration was elevated in T2DM and prediabetic groups in comparison to both healthy and obese groups (p=0.024, p=0.017, p=0.07, p=0.56). The GLP- 1 levels significantly decreased in the obese and prediabetic groups compared to the healthy and T2DM groups (p=0.00, p=0.021, p=0.000, p=0.005). GLP-1 was correlated with acetic acid, butyric acid, and the total SCFA concentrations in the T2DM and obese groups (r= 0.479, p= 0.098; r= 0.441, p= 0.099; r= 0.654, p= 0.015, respectively) while there was no correlation in the prediabetic group. Conclusion. Our results extend the knowledge on the alteration of SCFA levels in the states of obesity, prediabetes, and T2DM and enrich the understanding of the relationship between SCFAs and GLP-1.

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of Claudin-5, Apelin, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) expression, and body mass index (BMI) of cholecystectomies. Materials and methods. Sixty-eight paraffin embedded cholecystectomy specimens diagnosed as chronic cholecystitis were collected in the Pathology Department of the Training and Research Hospital between 2015-2017. The samples were stained with Apelin, Claudin-5 and TNF-α. The immunohistochemical study was carried out using the system in an automatic staining machine. Results. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and TNF-α staining (p=0.010). This result indicated that the degree of staining increased together with BMI. When age, BMI, and the other biochemical parameters were evaluated, a significant correlation was found between BMI and blood glucose only (p=0.029); correlations of BMI with the other parameters were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Although there is no relationship between inflammation and BMI with Claudin-5 and Apelin in this study, there is a significant relationship between BMI and TNF-α.

Objective. This study was undertaken to examine prognostic factors in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) undergoing surgical treatment to evaluate the prognostic value of recently introduced immunohistochemical staining methods of CD10 and cytokeratin 19. Materials and Methods. Tumors were classified on the basis of 2004 WHO Classification Guidelines and European Neuroendocrine Tumor\r\nSociety (ENETS) grading system. Immunohistochemical staining with Ki- 67, CD10 and cytokeratin 19 was performed. Results. A total of 36 patients with a mean age of 53.7 ? 12.0 years were included. Overall, 33 patients had a long-term follow-up with 10 patients (30.3%) experiencing recurrence. Seven\r\npatients (21.1%) died. Clinical parameters that were associated with recurrence included liver metastasis at the time of surgery and extra-pancreatic invasion (p < 0.005). Positive surgical margins, extra-pancreatic invasion, and multi-focal disease were associated with reduced survival (p < 0.05). In addition, there was an association between\r\nsurvival and WHO 2004 classification (p < 0.05).\r\nConclusions. Although vascular and peripancreatic invasion showed increased risk of recurrence, they were unrelated to survival. Of the histopathological examinations, Ki-67\r\nand mitotic activity showed a correlation with both recurrence and survival, while immunohistochemical\r\nstaining with cytokeratin 19 and CD 10 did not provide adequate prognostic information.