ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUC)

Background. Adiponectin, vaspin and leptin are only a few of these numerous adipocytokines. Little is known about the behavior of adipocytokines and how adipose tissue metabolism is affected in this Type 1 DM model. In this study we investigated the serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, vaspin in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Material and methods. Twelve Spraque Dawley albino rats were included in the study. The animals were divided into two groups. The first group was diabetic (D) (n: 6) and 60mg / kg STZ was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to these rats. The second group was the non-diabetic control (ND) group (n: 6). All the animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Quantification of vaspin, Adiponectin, leptin in serum was performed using the ELISA kit. Results. Adiponectin, vaspin levels of diabetic group were found to be statistically lower than of control group (p<0.05). Leptin levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group (P<0.05). Conclusion. There is a need for new researches that can explain the relationship between Vaspin, Leptin and Adiponectin and Type 1 diabetes. New studies in this area will open new horizons for the identification of new biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of Type 1 diabetes.

Introduction. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between serum omentin-1 levels and endothelial dysfunction in obese patients. Material and Methods. We evaluated 50 obese patients, and age/gender matched 45 healthy non-obese subjects as controls. Oral glucose tolerance test, lipid parameters, uric acid levels, homeostatic model assessmentinsulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, serum omentin-1 levels and flow mediated dilatation (FMD) % were measured in all subjects. Body compositions were analyzed with bioelectrical impedance method using a Tanita Body Composition Analyzer and ViScan. Results. Serum omentin–1 levels were found significantly lower in obese population compared to the control subjects. FMD response was significantly decreased in obese population. There was a significant positive correlation between serum omentin–1 levels and FMD response (r=0.359, p<0.001). Serum omentin–1 levels were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total fat percentage, visceral fat, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR index. Conclusion. Lower serum omentin–1 levels and decreased FMD response may be an early marker of endothelial dysfunction in obese patients.

Purpose. To determine the effectiveness of the basal calcitonin (CTb) determination in the early postoperative period to predict the possible recurrence (persistence) of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Material and Methods. A retrospective study of the treatment results in 194 patients with MTC (148 (76.3%) primary – group 1 and 46 (23.8%) recurrent – group 2) according to the levels of CTb in the first week after surgery and one year later. All groups were analyzed by staging, the level of preoperative and postoperative basal calcitonin 5 days and 1 year after the primary surgery. Findings. Among all patients, women prevailed – 144 (74.2%), the average age was (48.7±15.2), the average follow-up period was 67.5 months. Basal calcitonin was studied in patients of all groups in the preoperative and serially in the postoperative periods: 5 days and 1 year after the most radical surgical volumes. To test the hypothesis about the possibility of using CTb indicators in the early postoperative period, the degree of compliance with normal calcitonin indicators (≤18 pg/mL) was assessed by observation groups 5 days and 1 year after surgery. Conclusions. 1. The CTb value 5 days after surgery is no less a reliable marker of the result of surgical treatment of MTC than the currently recommended CTb measurement 2-3 months after surgery. 2. The technique is applicable for both primary and reoperations used for recurrent forms of medullary thyroid cancer.

Context. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a strong predictor of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Abdominal bioelectrical impedance analysis (A-BIA) is a simple method for the measurement of VAT and is a promising tool in screening and follow-up of abdominal obesity. However the role of A-BIA in dieting individuals has not been evaluated adequately in longitudinal followup studies. Objective. The aim of this study is to determine the role of A-BIA in identifying the changes in metabolic predictors after diet and/or exercise therapy. Design. All patients who sought weight loss treatment underwent baseline assessment and were prescribed a program of diet. After a mean follow-up of 3.2 months, data were analyzed. Subjects and Methods. Ultimately, 103 participants who reported adhering to the diet, enrolled to the study. We tested associations between changes in body composition measures and changes in laboratory measures using correlations and multivariate linear regression analysis. Results. Mean loss of body weight was 3.4±2.8 kg. All but waist-to-hip ratio, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels changed significantly (p<0.001). Decreases in body weight, body mass index (BMI), and VAT level significantly correlated with decreases in fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin level, and HOMA-IR score (r=0.230–0.371). In multiple linear regression analysis changes in BMI and VAT significantly correlated with change in HOMA-IR score (F(7.93)=2.283, p=0.034, R2=0.147). Conclusion. Decreases in BMI and VAT, as determined by A-BIA, were predictors of changes in metabolic laboratory measures. A-BIA is useful for followup of patients receiving diet therapy for weight loss.

Context. Interventions that suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis from amino acids may be useful for improving glycemic control in diabetic patients. Objectives. It was shown that administration of glucocorticoid receptor antagonist Mifepristone (MIF) leads to variously pronounced changes in the alanine-, aspartate-, tyrosine- aminotransferases (ALT, AST, TAT) activity in the liver of experimental animals. It has been suggested that this selective effect of MIF may be related to differences in the expression of the corresponding genes. The aim of the study was to investigate the gene expression and activity of ALT, AST and TAT in the liver of rats with streptozotocin-related diabetes (StD) under the long-term oral MIF administration. Methods. Male Wistar rats (n=48) with StD under the 10-days oral MIF administration were used. It was measured the activity of ALT, AST, TAT enzymes and relative expression of this genes in the liver of experimental animals. Results. In rats with StD the gene expression of all three studied aminotransferases in the liver was statistically significantly increased and their activity was increased as well. MIF administration did not change the studied genes expression and enzymes activity to healthy rats and caused a decrease in expression of ALT and AST genes and activity of these enzymes to rats with StD. However, the expression of the TAT gene and the activity of this enzyme in the liver of rats with StD increased upon MIF administration in comparison with animals with StD. Conclusions. The introduction of MIF against the background of StD reduces the expression of genes and the activity of ALT and AST in the liver, what determine the transamination of amino acids to include them in gluconeogenesis, but increases the expression of genes and the activity of TAT, what determine the inclusion of tyrosine in the biogenic amines synthesis. The mechanisms of such selectivity require further study.

Objective. In our study, we aimed to investigate the levels of irisin, nesfatin-1 and the relationship between levels of these relatively new molecules with cardiometabolic risk markers; carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness in patients with nonfunctional adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI). Materials and Methods. Patients with NFAI (n=59) and age, sex and body mass index-matched healthy control subjects (n=59) were enrolled in this study. Serum glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid, irisin and nesfatin-1 levels and echocardiographic CIMT and EAT thickness measurements were performed in patients and controls. Results. The irisin level was 17.58 ± 4.38 pg/mL in the NFAI group, significantly higher (p<0.001) than 14.03 ± 4.03 pg/mL in the control group. Nesfatin-1 level was significantly lower in the NFAI group 194.98 ± 119.15 pg/ mL ((p < 0.001)) versus 303.48 ± 200.78 pg/mL in the control group. A positive correlation was found between irisin and nesfatin-1 levels and CIMT and EAT thickness in the NFAI group. Conclusions. In our study, we found that irisin level was higher and nesfatin-1 level was lower in patients with NFAI, and both irisin and nesfatin-1 levels were associated with CIMT and EAT thickness in NFAI patients.

Objective. Adrenal incidentaloma are lesions which are stated incidentally by imaging methods when there is no suspicion of any disease in adrenal gland. Inappropriate Jak2 signaling causes some solid and hematological malignancies. But the Jak2 mutation has not been previously evaluated with regard to adrenal tumors. In this study, we aimed to positivity of the Jak2 mutation in patients with non functioning adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI). Methods. 45 (38 female–7 male) patients, who were followed due to NFAI at Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine between February 2014 and March 2015, and 45 (31 female–14 male) healthy controls were included in the study. Results. The average age was 54.02±11.7 years and 38 patients were female, 7 were men. All patients underwent the following analyses for excluding a functioning adrenal mass, overnight dexamethasone suppression test, 24 hour urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine, plasma aldosterone/ renin activity ratio. Jak2 mutation of the patients who were diagnosed as NFAI was all negative. Conclusion. We could not identify the JAK2 gene mutation positivity in any sample. Since other possible mechanisms may throw fresh light on the etiology of adrenal incidentaloma, further clinical studies are needed on this subject.

Purpose. We aimed to assess the relationship between the regional body fat distribution and insulin resistance and pancreas volume (PV) in type-2 diabetes (DM) patients. Methods. Fifty-three consecutive type-2 diabetic and 51 non-diabetic patients matched by age, gender and body mass index (BMI) were enrolled. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), waist circumference, and PV were measured with computed tomography. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results. Patients with type-2 DM had significantly lower PV than non-diabetic individuals. HOMA-IR ranged from 0.74 to 6.24; and from 0.37 to 3.26, in type-2 DM patients and non-diabetics, respectively. VAT was positively correlated with HOMA-IR in two groups. There were inverse correlations between PV and VAT and VAT/SAT but only in diabetics. Conclusions. The VAT/SAT ratio may reflect the possible role of VAT to better understand the pathogenesis of obesity-related disorders in patients with type-2 DM.

Context. In the year 2003-2004 a circumstantial investigation of young men reproductive health parameters was performed in Nordic and Baltic countries, but sexuality remained undetermined. Objective. To determine the suitability of the European Male Ageing Study – Sexual Function Questionnaire (EMAS – SFQ) for investigation of sexuality of 26–36 year aged general population and to investigate sexuality of Kaunas participants in the project “The reproductive function of Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian Young men (2003-2004)” (KELLY), using EMAS – SFQ. Design. Sixty one 26–36 year aged KELLY men were recaptured from the list of participants in a 2003-2004 study and completed EMAS – SFQ. Their anthropometric characteristics, scores of sexuality (22 parameters from EMAS – SFQ, 3 calculated parameters and 2 parameters consisting from answers to the only question - masturbation and erectile function-for each participant) were analysed, in conjunction with anthropometric, sperm quality and hormone levels of 2003-2004 18–25 year old general population. Results. Overall sexual functioning and masturbation were higher as compared to all the published data for different age men and different testosterone concentration groups of EMAS study. Conclusions. KELLY sexuality results, obtained using EMAS – SFQ, would be considered as referral values for young men in countries with generally good reproductive health.

Context. Detection of parathyroid incidentalomas (PTIs) by ultrasonography (US) generally depends on clinical experience and it can be usually confused with perithyroidal lymph nodes. Objective. We aimed to evaluate the role of US for the detection of PTIs and define clinicopathologic features of PTIs detected during routine neck US. Design. In this retrospective study, we studied PTIs in a multidisciplinary clinical approach of nuclear medicine and general surgery clinics. Subjects and Methods. US indications and reports of 41275 were reviewed retrospectively. Of these patients, PTI was suspected in 66 (0.16%) patients. Those with a pathology-confirmed diagnosis after surgery formed Group PCD and those without a pathology-confirmed diagnosis and operation Group NPCD. These groups were compared statistically according to demographic data, laboratory tests, imaging results and postoperative findings. Results. The diagnosis of PTI was confirmed pathologically in 31 operated patients. Other pathologies rather than PTI on US were multinodular goiter, thyroiditis, thyroid nodule and perithyroidal lymph node. PTH and calcium levels were significantly higher in PCD Group;anti- TPO and anti-TG levels were significantly higher in NPCD Group. Conclusions. Lesions suspected of PTI on US should be followed-up with further evaluation by laboratory tests and imaging methods and a multidisciplinary working environment should be established.