ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUC)

Context. Young adults are increasingly at risk for obesity. Objectives. The aim of the study was to assess the eating attitudes and behaviors, including weight concerns and dieting behavior, among medical college students. Design. This was a case-control study. Material and methods. The sample consisted of 70 undergraduate students from the School of Medicine, 22 males and 48 females, aged 25±6 years. Eating-related behaviors were measured using the EAT-26 questionnaire. Study of food intake and physical activity was conducted using a questionnaire that included anthropometric measures, food frequency and the level of physical activity. We calculated body mass index (BMI) from students self-reported height and weight. Results. Approximately 13% of the students were overweight, and 7% were obese. Another 17% were underweight, and the remainder (63%) were of healthy weight. The results showed that 7% of the students had a positive EAT-26 score (>20) and all were females. On dieting subscale, 16% of college students scored higher; the females who reported excessive dieting attitudes were underweight or of normal weight and males were obese. Our analysis showed that students with dieting behavior report excessive exercising and consuming less cereals and meat and more vegetables as compared to non-dieting behavior group. Conclusions. The results demonstrated that disturbed eating attitudes and unhealthy dieting are common among Romanian college students, especially among females.

Introduction. Gitelman Syndrome (GS) is a genetic tubulopathy frequently linked with insulin resistance. The possibility of developing Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in GS increases with the causes of insulin resistance. Hypokalemia is one of the most common electrolyte disorders in GS, and most diabetic drugs can cause hypokalemia. Considering this dilemma, we presented a DM treatment experience in a GS case. Case presentation. A 47-year-old male GS patient with a potassium-rich diet complained of weight loss and dry mouth for 2-3 months. The laboratory tests revealed a higher HbA1c level, as high as 11.8%. The remaining abnormal laboratory test results (hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis) indicated a patient with GS. The patient was placed on a metformin+gliclazide-based treatment. Oral potassium and magnesium supplementation were started for the patient whose hypokalemia increased in the first control, and the potassium dose was doubled in the third control. In the first-month follow-up visit, it was observed that the blood potassium level was improved, and hyperglycemia was optimized. Conclusion. In brief, any treatment for DM can be selected in GS patients with DM by performing frequent electrolyte monitoring. Like our case, oral potassium supplementation was adequate for the metformin + gliclazide combination-coincidence hypokalemia.

Background. Graves’ disease results in various clinical cardio-pulmonary manifestations such as tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and pulmonary edema. Clinical Case. A 62-year-old woman presented with palpitations and dyspnea. Laboratory and radiologic examination revealed markedly elevated free T4 (4.79 ng/dL), T3 (4.42 ng/mL), lowered TSH (0.01 uIU/mL), atrial fibrillation and multifocal lung haziness. She was initially diagnosed with atrial fibrillation with pulmonary edema, which subsequently changed to pulmonary alveolar proteinosis by further evaluations such as computed tomography and bronchoscopic biopsy. Conclusion. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare lung disease. Clinicians should carefully assess lung lesions in thyrotoxicosis patients as they can be easily mistaken for pulmonary edema in clinical practice.

Context. Cardiovascular risk is increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Do insulin sensitizing agents such as metformin (MET) and myoinositol (MI) ameliorate biomarkers of cardiovascular risk? Objective. To compare the effects of MET and MI on blood pressure, lipid profile and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in women with PCOS in respect to their body mass index (BMI). Design. Open label, parallel randomized, single center study. Subjects and Methods. Sixty six women with PCOS (33 normal-weight and 33 overweight/obese) were randomized to either MI (4 g/day) or MET (1500 mg/day) for a period of 6 months. Serum concentration of hormones, lipid profile, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), hs-CRP, blood pressure measurement and clinical assessment of BMI, waist circumference (WC) and Ferriman Gallwey score (FG score) were performed before and after treatment. Results. Thirty patients in each group completed the trial. Compared with MET, MI significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p=0.036) and significantly increased serum hs-CRP (p=0.043). No differences between groups in total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDLcholesterol, ox-LDL and triglycerides were reported after 6 months. Treatment with MI reduced BMI (p=0.037), WC (p=0.005), DBP (p=0.021) and TC (p=0.008). During MET treatment a significant decrease in BMI (p=0.005), WC (p=0.004), FG score (p=0.001), testosterone (p=0.013) and free androgen index (FAI) (p=0.006) was observed. Conclusions. Our study showed an advantage of MI in reduction of DBP and TC thus predicting favorable metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes in PCOS women. MET more effectively decrease indices of hyperandrogenism.

Background. Isolated methylmalonic acidemia refers to a group of inborn errors of metabolism characterized by elevated methylmalonic acid concentrations in the blood and urine. It occurs in approximately one to three out of every 100 thousand Chinese newborns. Mutations in the MMAA gene cause isolated methylmalonic acidemia. Case presentation. A 13-month-old boy was diagnosed with isolated methylmalonic acidemia. We identified two mutations in the MMAA gene in this case: c.491G>A and c.650T>A. The c.491G>A is a novel mutation in the MMAA gene. The boy is a heterozygous carrier of both mutations. The boy was treated with intravenous sodium benzoate and fluids. His sensorium gradually improved and he recovered from the acute illness. Other family members are heterozygous carriers of either mutations but with no symptoms. Conclusions. We identified a novel c.491G>A mutation in the MMAA gene. Heterozygous carriers of both c.491G>A and c.650T>A mutations are associated with isolated methylmalonic acidemia.

The 2011 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines recommended that the interpretation of thyroid function in pregnancy be based on trimester specific reference ranges: TSH values should be 0.1-2.5 mIU/L (first trimester), 0.2-3.0 mIU/L (second trimester), and 0.3- 3.5 mIU/L (third trimester)(1). Recently, a study performed on a nationwide cohort of 6671 Danish healthy pregnant women and published in June 2016 in Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism (4) showed first trimester values of TSH varied according to gestational week. Up to sixth week of pregnancy, TSH levels had nonpregnant reference ranges. During weeks 9- 12, TSH serum level were 0.4 mUI/L lower than non-pregnancy upper limits, with lower range of 0.1 mUI/l. So, the use of uniform limits of TSH normality for the entire first trimester may lead to frequent misclassification and unnecessary treatment given. Although with indolent behavior, patients with encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (EFVPTC) are often treated as classical papillary thyroid carcinoma. In a retrospective study recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association Oncology(5), authors reevaluated 268 EFVPTC. In group 1(noninvasive EFVPT), patients observed for 10 -26 years and all were alive with no evidence of disease. Based on this low risk of adverse outcomes of patients from group 1, authors suggested a new nomenclature for this thyroid tumor: “noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP)”.

The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and dyslipidaemia in Northern Chinese diabetic patients with chronic renal failure (DM-CRF). For this purpose, 45 diabetic patients with CRF, 63 non-diabetic patients with CRF, 90 type 2 diabetic patients without CRF were investigated, as well as 70 subjects without diabetes and CRF. The serum PON1 activity and serum lipids, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) were determined. The results showed that, as compared to control subjects, serum ArE1/PON1 activities were significantly decreased in patients with diabetes, CRF and DM-CRF. In a further investigation of the relationship among ArE/PON1 and lipid parameters in all groups, not only serum ArE/PON1 activity, but also ratios of serum ArE/TC and ArE/HDL3c were found to be significantly decreased in the three groups, and the degree of decrement was DM-CRF>CRF>diabetes. In DM-CRF group, multiple regression analysis showed that ArE/PON1 was closely related to HDL2C, Apo A1 and HDLC. ArE/TC was also related to HDL2C, Apo A1, HDLC/TC and HDLC. In conclusion, serum ArE/PON1 can be one of the signals reflecting the disorder of lipid metabolism of CRF, especially in DM-CRF patients.

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Isolated sarcoidosis of the hypothalamic-pituitary system is a very rare form of neurosarcoidosis. A high index of suspicion is required for diagnosis and the choice of therapy embodies another challenge due to lack of standardized protocols. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of initial treatment, whereas the second and third-line therapy include immunomodulators and cytotoxic drugs, in addition to monoclonal antibodies. This report presents an unusual case of panhypopituitarism in a 32-year-old previously healthy male patient due to isolated hypothalamo-pituitary sarcoidosis confirmed histologically, refractory to pulsedose glucocorticoids and then successfully treated by methotrexate. Based on our report, in patients requiring additional therapy usage of the methotrexate as the second line agent should be considered, however the time frame and the dosing schedule of methotrexate are still unknown and deserve further investigation.

Ectopic lingual thyroid is a rare developmental abnormality caused by aberrant embryogenesis during thyroid migration. Even though, most patients are asymptomatic, uncommonly the mass can be enlarged and cause dysphagia, dyspnea, upper airway obstruction, dysphonia, hypothyroidism. We report a very rare case of ectopic lingual thyroid presenting with massive hematemesis.